Ganoderma mycelium-based bio-leather

"Mycelium leather is an emerging sustainable material composed of fungal mycelium. Rich in natural polymers such as chitin, β-glucans, and proteins, the mycelium is able to self-assemble into a dense and resilient fibrous network, producing a texture and appearance comparable to both animal and synthetic leather. Unlike conventional leather, the production of mycelium leather does not rely on livestock or large amounts of petrochemical resources, thus significantly reducing carbon emissions and resource consumption. For these reasons, it has been recognized as a promising sustainable alternative for the future of fashion and material science.

In this study, we used Ganoderma lucidum as a model fungus and cultivated its mycelium within woven textiles. The mycelium extended along the textile fibers, interlacing tightly, and subsequently developed a fungal film approximately 200 μm thick on the fabric surface. This natural growth process not only enhanced structural strength but also enabled seamless integration between fabric and mycelium, resulting in a leather-like composite material that combines flexibility with eco-friendly properties. Looking ahead, this technology holds potential for applications in sustainable fashion, furniture design, and environmentally friendly building materials, highlighting the role of bio-based materials in the circular economy."